diff --git a/src/game/item-ratio.ts b/src/game/item-ratio.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41f915e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/game/item-ratio.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+/**
+ * Diablo II ItemRatio Quality Determination (`ItemRatio.txt`).
+ *
+ * Gold standard references:
+ * - D2Game!6FC2FC40 (Quality determination algorithm & roll sequence)
+ * - D2Game!6FC2E130 (Magic Find diminishing returns formula)
+ * - D2Common!6FD510B0 / D2Common!6FD51180 (PRNG roll logic)
+ *
+ * In Diablo II, when an item base is dropped, the engine resolves its quality tier
+ * through `ItemRatio.txt`. The row in `ItemRatio.txt` is looked up by:
+ * - Version (0 = Classic, 1 = Expansion)
+ * - Uber (0 = Normal, 1 = Exceptional / Elite)
+ * - Class Specific (0 = Generic, 1 = Class-specific item like Orbs, Pelts, etc.)
+ *
+ * CRITICAL ENGINE PROPERTY:
+ * The columns in `ItemRatio.txt` are listed as:
+ *   Unique -> Rare -> Set -> Magic -> HiQuality -> Normal
+ * BUT the actual in-engine roll sequence at D2Game!6FC2FC40 is strictly:
+ *   Unique(7) -> Set(5) -> Rare(6) -> Magic(4) -> Superior(3) -> Normal(2) / Low(1)
+ *
+ * Every division in the algorithm uses 32-bit signed integer truncation toward zero
+ * (replicated strictly via `Math.trunc`).
+ */
+import type { D2Table } from './acts.ts'
+import { cell, parseTable } from './acts.ts'
+import type { MountedArchives } from '../mpq/mount.ts'
+import { D2Rng } from './d2-rng.ts'
+import { ItemQuality } from './items.ts'
+
+/** File path of `ItemRatio.txt` inside MPQ archives. */
+export const ITEM_RATIO_TABLE_PATH = 'data\\global\\excel\\ItemRatio.txt'
+
+/** Magic Find diminishing returns divisor factors (D2Game!6FC2E130). */
+export const MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE = 250
+export const MF_FACTOR_SET = 500
+export const MF_FACTOR_RARE = 600
+
+/** Quality tier names in strict roll order. */
+export type ItemQualityTier =
+  | 'unique'
+  | 'set'
+  | 'rare'
+  | 'magic'
+  | 'superior'
+  | 'normal'
+  | 'low'
+
+/** Mapping from ItemQualityTier string to numeric ItemQuality enum value. */
+export const QUALITY_TIER_TO_ITEM_QUALITY: Readonly<Record<ItemQualityTier, ItemQuality>> = {
+  unique: ItemQuality.UNIQUE,
+  set: ItemQuality.SET,
+  rare: ItemQuality.RARE,
+  magic: ItemQuality.MAGIC,
+  superior: ItemQuality.SUPERIOR,
+  normal: ItemQuality.NORMAL,
+  low: ItemQuality.LOW,
+}
+
+/** One row from `ItemRatio.txt`. */
+export interface ItemRatioRow {
+  /** Optional function comment from table. */
+  readonly function?: string | undefined
+  /** 0 = Classic, 1 = Expansion. */
+  readonly version: number
+  /** 0 = Normal, 1 = Exceptional or Elite item. */
+  readonly uber: number
+  /** 0 = Generic, 1 = Class-specific item. */
+  readonly classSpecific: number
+
+  /** Unique base chance, divisor, and minimum chance floor. */
+  readonly unique: number
+  readonly uniqueDiv: number
+  readonly uniqueMin: number
+
+  /** Rare base chance, divisor, and minimum chance floor. */
+  readonly rare: number
+  readonly rareDiv: number
+  readonly rareMin: number
+
+  /** Set base chance, divisor, and minimum chance floor. */
+  readonly set: number
+  readonly setDiv: number
+  readonly setMin: number
+
+  /** Magic base chance, divisor, and minimum chance floor. */
+  readonly magic: number
+  readonly magicDiv: number
+  readonly magicMin: number
+
+  /** High Quality (Superior) base chance and divisor (no MF, min, or TC factor). */
+  readonly hiQual: number
+  readonly hiQualDiv: number
+
+  /** Normal / Low quality base chance and divisor (no MF, min, or TC factor). */
+  readonly normal: number
+  readonly normalDiv: number
+
+  // Compatibility aliases
+  readonly uniqueDivisor?: number | undefined
+  readonly rareDivisor?: number | undefined
+  readonly setDivisor?: number | undefined
+  readonly magicDivisor?: number | undefined
+  readonly hiQuality?: number | undefined
+  readonly hiQualityDivisor?: number | undefined
+  readonly normalDivisor?: number | undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parsed ItemRatio table providing list and indexed lookup access.
+ */
+export interface ItemRatioTable {
+  /** All parsed rows. */
+  readonly rows: readonly ItemRatioRow[]
+  /**
+   * Looks up the appropriate row by version, uber flag, and classSpecific flag.
+   */
+  getRow(
+    version: number | boolean,
+    uber: number | boolean,
+    classSpecific: number | boolean,
+  ): ItemRatioRow | undefined
+  /** Number of parsed rows (6 in vanilla 1.13c). */
+  readonly length: number
+  /** Iterates over all rows. */
+  [Symbol.iterator](): IterableIterator<ItemRatioRow>
+}
+
+/** PRNG source interface providing `rand(max: number): number`. */
+export interface QualityRollRng {
+  rand(max: number): number
+}
+
+/** TreasureClass ratio factor modifiers (fractions of 1024, e.g. from TreasureClassEx.txt). */
+export interface QualityRatioFactors {
+  readonly unique?: number | undefined
+  readonly set?: number | undefined
+  readonly rare?: number | undefined
+  readonly magic?: number | undefined
+}
+
+/** Context parameters passed to `rollItemQuality`. */
+export interface QualityRollContext {
+  /** Drop item level (e.g. monster level or area level). */
+  readonly ilvl: number
+  /** Quality level of the base item (from weapons/armor/misc.txt). */
+  readonly qlvl: number
+  /** Magic Find percentage (e.g. 0, 50, 100). */
+  readonly magicFind?: number | undefined
+  /** Alternative alias for magicFind. */
+  readonly mf?: number | undefined
+
+  /** ItemRatio row to use directly. */
+  readonly row?: ItemRatioRow | undefined
+  /** ItemRatio table to look up row from if `row` is not provided. */
+  readonly table?: ItemRatioTable | undefined
+
+  /** Game version: 0 = Classic, 1 = Expansion (LoD). Defaults to 1. */
+  readonly version?: number | boolean | undefined
+  /** Whether the item is exceptional or elite. Defaults to 0/false. */
+  readonly uber?: number | boolean | undefined
+  /** Whether the item is class-specific. Defaults to 0/false. */
+  readonly classSpecific?: number | boolean | undefined
+
+  /** TreasureClass quality modifiers (fractions of 1024). */
+  readonly tcFactors?: QualityRatioFactors | undefined
+  /** Single TC factor fallback (applied to all if specific tier not given). */
+  readonly tcFactor?: number | undefined
+
+  /** Explicit TC modifiers (fractions of 1024). */
+  readonly tcUnique?: number | undefined
+  readonly tcSet?: number | undefined
+  readonly tcRare?: number | undefined
+  readonly tcMagic?: number | undefined
+
+  /** Optional quality filters: if false, that tier is bypassed during roll. */
+  readonly allowUnique?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly allowSet?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly allowRare?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly allowMagic?: boolean | undefined
+  readonly allowSuperior?: boolean | undefined
+
+  /** PRNG instance implementing `rand(max: number): number`. Defaults to new D2Rng(). */
+  readonly rng?: QualityRollRng | undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates effective magic find with diminishing returns (D2Game!6FC2E130).
+ *
+ * For mf <= 10, no diminishing returns are applied: returns mf + 100.
+ * For mf > 10: returns 100 + Math.trunc((mf * factor) / (mf + factor)).
+ *
+ * @param mf - Player/minion magic find percentage.
+ * @param factor - Diminishing returns factor (250 for Unique, 500 for Set, 600 for Rare).
+ * @returns Diminished multiplier (100-based).
+ */
+export function effectiveMF(mf: number, factor: number): number {
+  const x = mf + 100
+  if (x <= 110) {
+    return x
+  }
+  return 100 + Math.trunc((mf * factor) / (mf + factor))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates final chance denominator for Unique quality (D2Game!6FC2FC40).
+ */
+export function calculateUniqueChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+  mf = 0,
+  tcFactor = 0,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.uniqueDiv || 1
+  let chance = (row.unique - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+  if (mf > 0) {
+    const e = effectiveMF(mf, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)
+    if (e > 0) {
+      chance = Math.trunc((chance * 100) / e)
+    }
+  }
+  if (chance < row.uniqueMin) {
+    chance = row.uniqueMin
+  }
+  chance -= Math.trunc((tcFactor * chance) / 1024)
+  return chance
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates final chance denominator for Set quality (D2Game!6FC2FC40).
+ */
+export function calculateSetChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+  mf = 0,
+  tcFactor = 0,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.setDiv || 1
+  let chance = (row.set - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+  if (mf > 0) {
+    const e = effectiveMF(mf, MF_FACTOR_SET)
+    if (e > 0) {
+      chance = Math.trunc((chance * 100) / e)
+    }
+  }
+  if (chance < row.setMin) {
+    chance = row.setMin
+  }
+  chance -= Math.trunc((tcFactor * chance) / 1024)
+  return chance
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates final chance denominator for Rare quality (D2Game!6FC2FC40).
+ */
+export function calculateRareChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+  mf = 0,
+  tcFactor = 0,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.rareDiv || 1
+  let chance = (row.rare - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+  if (mf > 0) {
+    const e = effectiveMF(mf, MF_FACTOR_RARE)
+    if (e > 0) {
+      chance = Math.trunc((chance * 100) / e)
+    }
+  }
+  if (chance < row.rareMin) {
+    chance = row.rareMin
+  }
+  chance -= Math.trunc((tcFactor * chance) / 1024)
+  return chance
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates final chance denominator for Magic quality (D2Game!6FC2FC40).
+ * Magic has NO diminishing returns: divisor is `mf + 100`.
+ */
+export function calculateMagicChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+  mf = 0,
+  tcFactor = 0,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.magicDiv || 1
+  let chance = (row.magic - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+  if (mf > 0) {
+    chance = Math.trunc((chance * 100) / (mf + 100))
+  }
+  if (chance < row.magicMin) {
+    chance = row.magicMin
+  }
+  chance -= Math.trunc((tcFactor * chance) / 1024)
+  return chance
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates chance denominator for Superior (High Quality) quality.
+ * Superior does not take MF, has no min floor, and no TC factor.
+ */
+export function calculateSuperiorChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.hiQualDiv || 1
+  return (row.hiQual - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates chance denominator for Normal quality.
+ * Normal does not take MF, has no min floor, and no TC factor.
+ */
+export function calculateNormalChance(
+  row: ItemRatioRow,
+  ilvl: number,
+  qlvl: number,
+): number {
+  const D = ilvl - qlvl
+  const divisor = row.normalDiv || 1
+  return (row.normal - Math.trunc(D / divisor)) * 128
+}
+
+/**
+ * Executes ItemRatio quality determination roll in exact order:
+ * Unique(7) -> Set(5) -> Rare(6) -> Magic(4) -> Superior(3) -> Normal(2) / Low(1).
+ *
+ * @param context - Quality roll parameters (ilvl, qlvl, mf, factors, rng, etc.).
+ * @returns Rolled ItemQualityTier.
+ */
+export function rollItemQuality(context: QualityRollContext): ItemQualityTier {
+  const { ilvl, qlvl } = context
+  const mf = context.magicFind ?? context.mf ?? 0
+  const rng = context.rng ?? new D2Rng()
+
+  let row = context.row
+  if (!row) {
+    const table = context.table ?? DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE
+    row = table.getRow(
+      context.version ?? 1,
+      context.uber ?? 0,
+      context.classSpecific ?? 0,
+    )
+  }
+  if (!row) {
+    throw new Error('rollItemQuality: no matching ItemRatio row found')
+  }
+
+  const tcUnique = context.tcFactors?.unique ?? context.tcUnique ?? context.tcFactor ?? 0
+  const tcSet = context.tcFactors?.set ?? context.tcSet ?? context.tcFactor ?? 0
+  const tcRare = context.tcFactors?.rare ?? context.tcRare ?? context.tcFactor ?? 0
+  const tcMagic = context.tcFactors?.magic ?? context.tcMagic ?? context.tcFactor ?? 0
+
+  // 1. Unique (7)
+  if (context.allowUnique !== false) {
+    const chance = calculateUniqueChance(row, ilvl, qlvl, mf, tcUnique)
+    if (chance <= 0 || rng.rand(chance) < 128) {
+      return 'unique'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 2. Set (5)
+  if (context.allowSet !== false) {
+    const chance = calculateSetChance(row, ilvl, qlvl, mf, tcSet)
+    if (chance <= 0 || rng.rand(chance) < 128) {
+      return 'set'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3. Rare (6)
+  if (context.allowRare !== false) {
+    const chance = calculateRareChance(row, ilvl, qlvl, mf, tcRare)
+    if (chance <= 0 || rng.rand(chance) < 128) {
+      return 'rare'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4. Magic (4)
+  if (context.allowMagic !== false) {
+    const chance = calculateMagicChance(row, ilvl, qlvl, mf, tcMagic)
+    if (chance <= 0 || rng.rand(chance) < 128) {
+      return 'magic'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 5. Superior (3)
+  if (context.allowSuperior !== false) {
+    const chance = calculateSuperiorChance(row, ilvl, qlvl)
+    if (chance <= 0 || rng.rand(chance) < 128) {
+      return 'superior'
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 6. Normal (2) / Low (1)
+  const chance = calculateNormalChance(row, ilvl, qlvl)
+  if (chance <= 0) {
+    return 'normal'
+  }
+  return rng.rand(chance) < 128 ? 'normal' : 'low'
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an ItemRatioTable from an array of ItemRatioRow records.
+ */
+export function createItemRatioTable(rows: readonly ItemRatioRow[]): ItemRatioTable {
+  return {
+    rows,
+    length: rows.length,
+    getRow(
+      version: number | boolean,
+      uber: number | boolean,
+      classSpecific: number | boolean,
+    ): ItemRatioRow | undefined {
+      const v = typeof version === 'boolean' ? (version ? 1 : 0) : version
+      const u = typeof uber === 'boolean' ? (uber ? 1 : 0) : uber
+      const cs = typeof classSpecific === 'boolean' ? (classSpecific ? 1 : 0) : classSpecific
+
+      // 1. Exact match
+      let match = rows.find(r => r.version === v && r.uber === u && r.classSpecific === cs)
+      if (match) return match
+
+      // 2. Classic (v=0) classSpecific fallback to Expansion (v=1) classSpecific
+      if (v === 0 && cs === 1) {
+        match = rows.find(r => r.version === 1 && r.uber === u && r.classSpecific === 1)
+        if (match) return match
+      }
+
+      // 3. Fallback matching version and uber
+      match = rows.find(r => r.version === v && r.uber === u)
+      if (match) return match
+
+      // 4. Default to first row
+      return rows[0]
+    },
+    [Symbol.iterator]() {
+      return rows[Symbol.iterator]()
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+/** Parses cell value as integer. */
+function parseNum(val: string, fallback = 0): number {
+  const trimmed = val.trim()
+  if (trimmed === '') return fallback
+  const n = Number(trimmed)
+  return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : fallback
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a D2Table (from ItemRatio.txt) into an ItemRatioTable.
+ *
+ * @param table - Parsed tab-separated table.
+ * @returns Structured ItemRatioTable.
+ */
+export function parseItemRatioTable(table: D2Table): ItemRatioTable {
+  const rows: ItemRatioRow[] = []
+  for (const rawRow of table.rows) {
+    if (rawRow.length === 0 || rawRow.every(c => c.trim() === '')) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const fn = cell(table, rawRow, 'Function')
+    const version = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Version'))
+    const uber = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Uber'))
+    const classSpecific = parseNum(
+      cell(table, rawRow, 'Class Specific') ||
+      cell(table, rawRow, 'ClassSpecific') ||
+      cell(table, rawRow, 'class specific'),
+    )
+
+    const unique = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Unique'))
+    const uniqueDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'UniqueDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'UniqueDiv'))
+    const uniqueMin = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'UniqueMin'))
+
+    const rare = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Rare'))
+    const rareDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'RareDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'RareDiv'))
+    const rareMin = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'RareMin'))
+
+    const set = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Set'))
+    const setDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'SetDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'SetDiv'))
+    const setMin = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'SetMin'))
+
+    const magic = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Magic'))
+    const magicDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'MagicDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'MagicDiv'))
+    const magicMin = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'MagicMin'))
+
+    const hiQual = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'HiQuality') || cell(table, rawRow, 'HiQual'))
+    const hiQualDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'HiQualityDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'HiQualDiv'))
+
+    const normal = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'Normal'))
+    const normalDiv = parseNum(cell(table, rawRow, 'NormalDivisor') || cell(table, rawRow, 'NormalDiv'))
+
+    rows.push({
+      function: fn || undefined,
+      version,
+      uber,
+      classSpecific,
+      unique,
+      uniqueDiv,
+      uniqueMin,
+      rare,
+      rareDiv,
+      rareMin,
+      set,
+      setDiv,
+      setMin,
+      magic,
+      magicDiv,
+      magicMin,
+      hiQual,
+      hiQualDiv,
+      normal,
+      normalDiv,
+      uniqueDivisor: uniqueDiv,
+      rareDivisor: rareDiv,
+      setDivisor: setDiv,
+      magicDivisor: magicDiv,
+      hiQuality: hiQual,
+      hiQualityDivisor: hiQualDiv,
+      normalDivisor: normalDiv,
+    })
+  }
+
+  return createItemRatioTable(rows)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Loads and parses `ItemRatio.txt` from mounted MPQ archives.
+ *
+ * @param archives - Mounted MPQ archives.
+ * @param tablePath - Optional path inside archive (defaults to ITEM_RATIO_TABLE_PATH).
+ * @returns Promise resolving to `ItemRatioTable`.
+ */
+export async function loadItemRatio(
+  archives: MountedArchives,
+  tablePath = ITEM_RATIO_TABLE_PATH,
+): Promise<ItemRatioTable> {
+  const bytes = await archives.read(tablePath)
+  const d2Table = parseTable(bytes)
+  return parseItemRatioTable(d2Table)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Canonical 1.13c ItemRatio.txt rows embedded as fallback defaults.
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_ROWS: readonly ItemRatioRow[] = [
+  {
+    function: 'Ratio - (Monster Level / Ratio Divisor)',
+    version: 0,
+    uber: 0,
+    classSpecific: 0,
+    unique: 400,
+    uniqueDiv: 2,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 160,
+    rareDiv: 3,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 125,
+    setDiv: 6,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 30,
+    magicDiv: 16,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 12,
+    hiQualDiv: 16,
+    normal: 4,
+    normalDiv: 8,
+    uniqueDivisor: 2,
+    rareDivisor: 3,
+    setDivisor: 6,
+    magicDivisor: 16,
+    hiQuality: 12,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 16,
+    normalDivisor: 8,
+  },
+  {
+    function: 'Uber',
+    version: 0,
+    uber: 1,
+    classSpecific: 0,
+    unique: 240,
+    uniqueDiv: 2,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 96,
+    rareDiv: 3,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 96,
+    setDiv: 6,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 3,
+    magicDiv: 100,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 4,
+    hiQualDiv: 16,
+    normal: 1,
+    normalDiv: 8,
+    uniqueDivisor: 2,
+    rareDivisor: 3,
+    setDivisor: 6,
+    magicDivisor: 100,
+    hiQuality: 4,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 16,
+    normalDivisor: 8,
+  },
+  {
+    function: 'Ratio - (Monster Level / Ratio Divisor)',
+    version: 1,
+    uber: 0,
+    classSpecific: 0,
+    unique: 400,
+    uniqueDiv: 1,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 100,
+    rareDiv: 2,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 160,
+    setDiv: 2,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 34,
+    magicDiv: 3,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 12,
+    hiQualDiv: 8,
+    normal: 2,
+    normalDiv: 2,
+    uniqueDivisor: 1,
+    rareDivisor: 2,
+    setDivisor: 2,
+    magicDivisor: 3,
+    hiQuality: 12,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 8,
+    normalDivisor: 2,
+  },
+  {
+    function: 'Uber',
+    version: 1,
+    uber: 1,
+    classSpecific: 0,
+    unique: 400,
+    uniqueDiv: 1,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 100,
+    rareDiv: 2,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 160,
+    setDiv: 2,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 34,
+    magicDiv: 3,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 12,
+    hiQualDiv: 8,
+    normal: 1,
+    normalDiv: 1,
+    uniqueDivisor: 1,
+    rareDivisor: 2,
+    setDivisor: 2,
+    magicDivisor: 3,
+    hiQuality: 12,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 8,
+    normalDivisor: 1,
+  },
+  {
+    function: 'Class Specific',
+    version: 1,
+    uber: 0,
+    classSpecific: 1,
+    unique: 240,
+    uniqueDiv: 3,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 80,
+    rareDiv: 3,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 120,
+    setDiv: 3,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 17,
+    magicDiv: 6,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 9,
+    hiQualDiv: 8,
+    normal: 2,
+    normalDiv: 2,
+    uniqueDivisor: 3,
+    rareDivisor: 3,
+    setDivisor: 3,
+    magicDivisor: 6,
+    hiQuality: 9,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 8,
+    normalDivisor: 2,
+  },
+  {
+    function: 'Class Specific Uber',
+    version: 1,
+    uber: 1,
+    classSpecific: 1,
+    unique: 240,
+    uniqueDiv: 3,
+    uniqueMin: 6400,
+    rare: 80,
+    rareDiv: 3,
+    rareMin: 3200,
+    set: 120,
+    setDiv: 3,
+    setMin: 5600,
+    magic: 17,
+    magicDiv: 6,
+    magicMin: 192,
+    hiQual: 9,
+    hiQualDiv: 8,
+    normal: 1,
+    normalDiv: 1,
+    uniqueDivisor: 3,
+    rareDivisor: 3,
+    setDivisor: 3,
+    magicDivisor: 6,
+    hiQuality: 9,
+    hiQualityDivisor: 8,
+    normalDivisor: 1,
+  },
+]
+
+export const DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE = createItemRatioTable(DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_ROWS)
diff --git a/tests/item-ratio.test.ts b/tests/item-ratio.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eefc29d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/item-ratio.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeAll } from 'vitest'
+import * as fs from 'node:fs'
+import { MountedArchives } from '../src/mpq/mount.ts'
+import { MpqArchive } from '../src/mpq/archive.ts'
+import { fileSource } from '../src/mpq/file-source.ts'
+import { parseTable } from '../src/game/acts.ts'
+import {
+  ITEM_RATIO_TABLE_PATH,
+  MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE,
+  MF_FACTOR_SET,
+  MF_FACTOR_RARE,
+  DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_ROWS,
+  DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE,
+  effectiveMF,
+  calculateUniqueChance,
+  calculateSetChance,
+  calculateRareChance,
+  calculateMagicChance,
+  calculateSuperiorChance,
+  calculateNormalChance,
+  rollItemQuality,
+  parseItemRatioTable,
+  loadItemRatio,
+  type ItemRatioRow,
+  type ItemRatioTable,
+  type QualityRollRng,
+} from '../src/game/item-ratio.ts'
+
+const hasD2 = fs.existsSync('samples/d2/d2data.mpq')
+
+describe('ItemRatio Quality Determination (Issue #102)', () => {
+  let archives: MountedArchives
+  let loadedTable: ItemRatioTable
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    if (hasD2) {
+      archives = new MountedArchives()
+      for (const name of ['d2data.mpq', 'd2exp.mpq', 'Patch_D2.mpq']) {
+        archives.add(name, await MpqArchive.open(await fileSource(`samples/d2/${name}`)))
+      }
+      loadedTable = await loadItemRatio(archives)
+    }
+  })
+
+  describe('1. Table Loading and Row Lookup', () => {
+    it('uses the canonical MPQ table path', () => {
+      expect(ITEM_RATIO_TABLE_PATH).toBe('data\\global\\excel\\ItemRatio.txt')
+    })
+
+    it('parses exactly 6 rows from MPQ table', () => {
+      if (!hasD2) return
+      expect(loadedTable.length).toBe(6)
+      expect(loadedTable.rows.length).toBe(6)
+    })
+
+    it('matches canonical 1.13c values in default and loaded table', () => {
+      const table = loadedTable ?? DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE
+
+      // Row 0: Classic, Normal, Generic (version=0, uber=0, classSpecific=0)
+      const r0 = table.getRow(0, 0, 0)!
+      expect(r0).toBeDefined()
+      expect(r0.version).toBe(0)
+      expect(r0.uber).toBe(0)
+      expect(r0.classSpecific).toBe(0)
+      expect(r0.unique).toBe(400)
+      expect(r0.uniqueDiv).toBe(2)
+      expect(r0.uniqueMin).toBe(6400)
+      expect(r0.rare).toBe(160)
+      expect(r0.rareDiv).toBe(3)
+      expect(r0.rareMin).toBe(3200)
+      expect(r0.set).toBe(125)
+      expect(r0.setDiv).toBe(6)
+      expect(r0.setMin).toBe(5600)
+      expect(r0.magic).toBe(30)
+      expect(r0.magicDiv).toBe(16)
+      expect(r0.magicMin).toBe(192)
+      expect(r0.hiQual).toBe(12)
+      expect(r0.hiQualDiv).toBe(16)
+      expect(r0.normal).toBe(4)
+      expect(r0.normalDiv).toBe(8)
+
+      // Row 2: Expansion, Normal, Generic (version=1, uber=0, classSpecific=0)
+      const r2 = table.getRow(1, 0, 0)!
+      expect(r2).toBeDefined()
+      expect(r2.version).toBe(1)
+      expect(r2.uber).toBe(0)
+      expect(r2.classSpecific).toBe(0)
+      expect(r2.unique).toBe(400)
+      expect(r2.uniqueDiv).toBe(1)
+      expect(r2.uniqueMin).toBe(6400)
+      expect(r2.rare).toBe(100)
+      expect(r2.rareDiv).toBe(2)
+      expect(r2.rareMin).toBe(3200)
+      expect(r2.set).toBe(160)
+      expect(r2.setDiv).toBe(2)
+      expect(r2.setMin).toBe(5600)
+      expect(r2.magic).toBe(34)
+      expect(r2.magicDiv).toBe(3)
+      expect(r2.magicMin).toBe(192)
+      expect(r2.hiQual).toBe(12)
+      expect(r2.hiQualDiv).toBe(8)
+      expect(r2.normal).toBe(2)
+      expect(r2.normalDiv).toBe(2)
+
+      // Row 4: Expansion, Normal, ClassSpecific (version=1, uber=0, classSpecific=1)
+      const r4 = table.getRow(1, 0, 1)!
+      expect(r4).toBeDefined()
+      expect(r4.version).toBe(1)
+      expect(r4.uber).toBe(0)
+      expect(r4.classSpecific).toBe(1)
+      expect(r4.unique).toBe(240)
+      expect(r4.uniqueDiv).toBe(3)
+      expect(r4.magic).toBe(17)
+      expect(r4.magicDiv).toBe(6)
+
+      // Row 5: Expansion, Uber, ClassSpecific (version=1, uber=1, classSpecific=1)
+      const r5 = table.getRow(1, 1, 1)!
+      expect(r5).toBeDefined()
+      expect(r5.version).toBe(1)
+      expect(r5.uber).toBe(1)
+      expect(r5.classSpecific).toBe(1)
+      expect(r5.normal).toBe(1)
+      expect(r5.normalDiv).toBe(1)
+    })
+
+    it('correctly handles boolean flags in getRow', () => {
+      const table = DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE
+      const row = table.getRow(true, false, true)
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      expect(row?.version).toBe(1)
+      expect(row?.uber).toBe(0)
+      expect(row?.classSpecific).toBe(1)
+    })
+
+    it('falls back gracefully when querying classic class-specific row', () => {
+      // Classic has no class-specific items in vanilla, falls back to LoD class-specific
+      const table = DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_TABLE
+      const row = table.getRow(0, 0, 1)
+      expect(row).toBeDefined()
+      expect(row?.classSpecific).toBe(1)
+    })
+
+    it('parses D2Table via parseItemRatioTable with custom headers', () => {
+      const sampleText =
+        'Function\tVersion\tUber\tClass Specific\tUnique\tUniqueDiv\tUniqueMin\tRare\tRareDiv\tRareMin\tSet\tSetDiv\tSetMin\tMagic\tMagicDiv\tMagicMin\tHiQual\tHiQualDiv\tNormal\tNormalDiv\n' +
+        'Custom\t1\t0\t0\t500\t2\t6000\t120\t3\t3000\t180\t4\t5000\t40\t5\t200\t15\t10\t5\t3\n'
+      const rawBytes = new TextEncoder().encode(sampleText)
+      const d2t = parseTable(rawBytes)
+      const parsed = parseItemRatioTable(d2t)
+      expect(parsed.length).toBe(1)
+      const r = parsed.getRow(1, 0, 0)!
+      expect(r.unique).toBe(500)
+      expect(r.uniqueDiv).toBe(2)
+      expect(r.uniqueMin).toBe(6000)
+      expect(r.rare).toBe(120)
+      expect(r.set).toBe(180)
+      expect(r.magic).toBe(40)
+      expect(r.hiQual).toBe(15)
+      expect(r.normal).toBe(5)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('2. Effective Magic Find Formula (D2Game!6FC2E130)', () => {
+    it('has NO diminishing returns when mf <= 10', () => {
+      // When x = mf + 100 <= 110, returns x
+      expect(effectiveMF(-20, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(80)
+      expect(effectiveMF(0, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(100)
+      expect(effectiveMF(1, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(101)
+      expect(effectiveMF(5, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(105)
+      expect(effectiveMF(10, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(110)
+      expect(effectiveMF(10, MF_FACTOR_SET)).toBe(110)
+      expect(effectiveMF(10, MF_FACTOR_RARE)).toBe(110)
+    })
+
+    it('applies diminishing returns strictly when mf > 10', () => {
+      // mf = 11 for Unique (factor = 250):
+      // 100 + Math.trunc((11 * 250) / (11 + 250)) = 100 + Math.trunc(2750 / 261) = 100 + 10 = 110
+      expect(effectiveMF(11, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(110)
+
+      // mf = 12 for Unique:
+      // 100 + Math.trunc((12 * 250) / (12 + 250)) = 100 + Math.trunc(3000 / 262) = 100 + 11 = 111
+      expect(effectiveMF(12, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(111)
+
+      // mf = 100:
+      // Unique (250): 100 + Math.trunc((100 * 250) / 350) = 100 + Math.trunc(25000 / 350) = 100 + 71 = 171
+      expect(effectiveMF(100, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(171)
+      // Set (500): 100 + Math.trunc((100 * 500) / 600) = 100 + Math.trunc(50000 / 600) = 100 + 83 = 183
+      expect(effectiveMF(100, MF_FACTOR_SET)).toBe(183)
+      // Rare (600): 100 + Math.trunc((100 * 600) / 700) = 100 + Math.trunc(60000 / 700) = 100 + 85 = 185
+      expect(effectiveMF(100, MF_FACTOR_RARE)).toBe(185)
+
+      // mf = 300:
+      // Unique (250): 100 + Math.trunc((300 * 250) / 550) = 100 + Math.trunc(75000 / 550) = 100 + 136 = 236
+      expect(effectiveMF(300, MF_FACTOR_UNIQUE)).toBe(236)
+      // Set (500): 100 + Math.trunc((300 * 500) / 800) = 100 + Math.trunc(150000 / 800) = 100 + 187 = 287
+      expect(effectiveMF(300, MF_FACTOR_SET)).toBe(287)
+      // Rare (600): 100 + Math.trunc((300 * 600) / 900) = 100 + Math.trunc(180000 / 900) = 100 + 200 = 300
+      expect(effectiveMF(300, MF_FACTOR_RARE)).toBe(300)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('3. Exact Integer Truncation at Each Step (D2Game!6FC2FC40)', () => {
+    const row = DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_ROWS[2] // Expansion, Normal, Generic
+
+    it('strictly replicates Andariel Hell ring drop example from KB 320', () => {
+      // Ring (qlvl=1) dropped by Hell Andariel (ilvl=78), MF=300, TC factor=995
+      // D = 78 - 1 = 77
+      // divisor = 1
+      // base chance = (400 - 77) * 128 = 323 * 128 = 41344
+      // e = effectiveMF(300, 250) = 236
+      // chance after MF = Math.trunc(41344 * 100 / 236) = Math.trunc(4134400 / 236) = 17518
+      // uniqueMin = 6400 (17518 > 6400, no clamp)
+      // tcFactor reduction = Math.trunc(995 * 17518 / 1024) = Math.trunc(17430410 / 1024) = 17021
+      // final chance = 17518 - 17021 = 497
+      const chance = calculateUniqueChance(row, 78, 1, 300, 995)
+      expect(chance).toBe(497)
+    })
+
+    it('handles negative D (ilvl < qlvl) with strict signed integer truncation toward zero', () => {
+      // ilvl = 20, qlvl = 35 => D = -15
+      // divisor = 2 (using Row 0: uniqueDiv = 2)
+      // Math.trunc(-15 / 2) = -7 (NOT Math.floor which would be -8)
+      // base = 400 => 400 - (-7) = 407
+      // chance = 407 * 128 = 52096
+      const classicRow = DEFAULT_ITEM_RATIO_ROWS[0]
+      const chance = calculateUniqueChance(classicRow, 20, 35, 0, 0)
+      expect(chance).toBe(52096)
+    })
+
+    it('clamps chance up to uniqueMin when calculated chance is lower', () => {
+      // If ilvl is very high and qlvl is 1, chance without clamp would drop below 6400
+      // row.unique = 400, uniqueDiv = 1, ilvl = 95, qlvl = 1 => D = 94
+      // chance = (400 - 94) * 128 = 306 * 128 = 39168
+      // With high MF (e.g. 1000):
+      // e = 100 + Math.trunc(250000 / 1250) = 100 + 200 = 300
+      // chance = Math.trunc(39168 * 100 / 300) = 13056
+      // Now suppose base is modified or tcFactor is 0:
+      const customRow: ItemRatioRow = {
+        ...row,
+        unique: 50,
+        uniqueDiv: 1,
+        uniqueMin: 6400,
+      }
+      // D = 40, base - D = 10, 10 * 128 = 1280 < 6400
+      const chance = calculateUniqueChance(customRow, 41, 1, 0, 0)
+      expect(chance).toBe(6400) // Clamped to uniqueMin!
+    })
+
+    it('Magic quality has NO diminishing returns', () => {
+      // Magic formula: chance = Math.trunc(chance * 100 / (mf + 100))
+      // Row 2: magic = 34, magicDiv = 3, magicMin = 192
+      // ilvl = 10, qlvl = 1 => D = 9 => Math.trunc(9 / 3) = 3
+      // base chance = (34 - 3) * 128 = 31 * 128 = 3968
+      // With MF = 300: divisor is mf + 100 = 400 (NOT diminished e = 236/287/300)
+      // chance = Math.trunc(3968 * 100 / 400) = Math.trunc(396800 / 400) = 992
+      const chance = calculateMagicChance(row, 10, 1, 300, 0)
+      expect(chance).toBe(992)
+    })
+
+    it('Superior and Normal do NOT take MF', () => {
+      // Superior: (hiQual - Math.trunc(D / hiQualDiv)) * 128
+      // Normal: (normal - Math.trunc(D / normalDiv)) * 128
+      const sup0 = calculateSuperiorChance(row, 50, 10)
+      const sup1000 = calculateSuperiorChance(row, 50, 10)
+      expect(sup0).toBe(sup1000)
+
+      const norm0 = calculateNormalChance(row, 50, 10)
+      const norm1000 = calculateNormalChance(row, 50, 10)
+      expect(norm0).toBe(norm1000)
+
+      // Verify exact calculation for Superior:
+      // Row 2: hiQual = 12, hiQualDiv = 8
+      // ilvl = 50, qlvl = 10 => D = 40 => Math.trunc(40 / 8) = 5
+      // (12 - 5) * 128 = 7 * 128 = 896
+      expect(sup0).toBe(896)
+
+      // Verify exact calculation for Normal:
+      // Row 2: normal = 2, normalDiv = 2
+      // D = 40 => Math.trunc(40 / 2) = 20
+      // (2 - 20) * 128 = -18 * 128 = -2304
+      expect(norm0).toBe(-2304)
+    })
+
+    it('tcFactor = 1024 guarantees hit (chance <= 0)', () => {
+      // tcFactor reduction: Math.trunc(1024 * chance / 1024) = chance
+      // chance - chance = 0 <= 0
+      const uniqueChance = calculateUniqueChance(row, 10, 1, 0, 1024)
+      expect(uniqueChance).toBe(0)
+
+      const setChance = calculateSetChance(row, 10, 1, 0, 1024)
+      expect(setChance).toBe(0)
+
+      const rareChance = calculateRareChance(row, 10, 1, 0, 1024)
+      expect(rareChance).toBe(0)
+
+      const magicChance = calculateMagicChance(row, 10, 1, 0, 1024)
+      expect(magicChance).toBe(0)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('4. Quality Roll Sequence: Unique -> Set -> Rare -> Magic -> Superior -> Normal/Low', () => {
+    it('returns "unique" when unique roll succeeds', () => {
+      // Mock RNG that always returns 0 (< 128)
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = { rand: () => 0 }
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 80,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        mf: 100,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('unique')
+    })
+
+    it('CRITICAL: rolls Set BEFORE Rare even though table columns are Unique->Rare->Set', () => {
+      // Sequence of RNG rolls:
+      // 1st roll (Unique): returns 200 (>= 128, fails)
+      // 2nd roll (Set): returns 50 (< 128, succeeds!)
+      // If order were Unique->Rare->Set, Rare would have consumed 50 and returned rare.
+      // Because order is Unique->Set->Rare, Set consumes 50 and returns 'set'!
+      const rolls = [200, 50, 200, 200]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 50,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('set')
+      expect(index).toBe(2) // Exactly 2 rolls were consumed: Unique, then Set!
+    })
+
+    it('rolls Rare if Unique and Set fail', () => {
+      const rolls = [200, 200, 50, 200]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 50,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('rare')
+      expect(index).toBe(3) // Unique, Set, Rare!
+    })
+
+    it('rolls Magic if Unique, Set, and Rare fail', () => {
+      const rolls = [200, 200, 200, 50]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 50,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('magic')
+      expect(index).toBe(4) // Unique, Set, Rare, Magic!
+    })
+
+    it('rolls Superior if Unique, Set, Rare, and Magic fail', () => {
+      const rolls = [200, 200, 200, 200, 50]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 50,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('superior')
+      expect(index).toBe(5) // Unique, Set, Rare, Magic, Superior!
+    })
+
+    it('rolls Normal if Superior fails and Normal roll succeeds', () => {
+      const rolls = [200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 50]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 5,
+        qlvl: 10, // D = -5 so Normal chance > 0
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('normal')
+      expect(index).toBe(6)
+    })
+
+    it('rolls Low if Superior fails and Normal roll fails', () => {
+      const rolls = [200, 200, 200, 200, 200, 200]
+      let index = 0
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => rolls[index++] ?? 200,
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 5,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('low')
+      expect(index).toBe(6)
+    })
+
+    it('guarantees quality without consuming RNG if tcFactor = 1024', () => {
+      let rngCalled = false
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = {
+        rand: () => {
+          rngCalled = true
+          return 999
+        },
+      }
+
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 10,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        tcFactor: 1024,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('unique')
+      expect(rngCalled).toBe(false) // chance <= 0 returns immediately without RNG
+    })
+
+    it('respects quality disable flags', () => {
+      // If allowUnique = false, jumps straight to Set
+      const mockRng: QualityRollRng = { rand: () => 0 }
+      const quality = rollItemQuality({
+        ilvl: 50,
+        qlvl: 10,
+        allowUnique: false,
+        rng: mockRng,
+      })
+      expect(quality).toBe('set')
+    })
+  })
+})