/**
 * Indexed-colour PNG writer for the offline asset packs.
 *
 * Diablo II's art is palette-indexed, so PNG's indexed colour type is the right
 * target rather than RGBA: the browser decodes it natively, the file is roughly
 * a quarter of the size, and the palette travels in the same file. Index 0 is
 * made transparent through `tRNS`, which is how the decoders already mark
 * "no pixel".
 *
 * Only what the packer needs is implemented — no interlacing, no 16-bit, no
 * colour types other than 3 — because a half-implemented encoder that silently
 * produces a file another tool misreads is worse than a small one.
 *
 * Node's `zlib` does the deflate; everything else is written here.
 */
import { deflateSync } from 'node:zlib'

/** PNG's 8-byte signature. */
const SIGNATURE = new Uint8Array([0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a])

/** CRC-32 table, built once. */
const CRC_TABLE: Uint32Array = (() => {
  const table = new Uint32Array(256)
  for (let n = 0; n < 256; n += 1) {
    let c = n
    for (let k = 0; k < 8; k += 1) c = (c & 1) !== 0 ? (0xedb88320 ^ (c >>> 1)) >>> 0 : c >>> 1
    table[n] = c >>> 0
  }
  return table
})()

/**
 * CRC-32 of a byte range, as PNG chunks require.
 *
 * @param bytes - the bytes.
 * @returns the checksum.
 */
function crc32(bytes: Uint8Array): number {
  let c = 0xffffffff
  for (const byte of bytes) c = (CRC_TABLE[(c ^ byte) & 0xff]! ^ (c >>> 8)) >>> 0
  return (c ^ 0xffffffff) >>> 0
}

/**
 * One PNG chunk: length, type, payload, CRC.
 *
 * @param type - four-character chunk type.
 * @param payload - chunk body.
 * @returns the serialised chunk.
 */
function chunk(type: string, payload: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
  const out = new Uint8Array(12 + payload.byteLength)
  const view = new DataView(out.buffer)
  view.setUint32(0, payload.byteLength)
  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) out[4 + i] = type.charCodeAt(i)
  out.set(payload, 8)
  view.setUint32(8 + payload.byteLength, crc32(out.subarray(4, 8 + payload.byteLength)))
  return out
}

/** An indexed image ready to encode. */
export interface IndexedImage {
  /** Width in pixels. */
  readonly width: number
  /** Height in pixels. */
  readonly height: number
  /** Palette indices, row-major, `width * height` bytes. */
  readonly pixels: Uint8Array
  /** Palette as 768 RGB bytes. */
  readonly palette: Uint8Array
  /** Index treated as fully transparent, if any (usually 0). */
  readonly transparentIndex?: number | undefined
}

/**
 * Apply a PNG row filter in place into a destination buffer.
 *
 * @param type - filter type (0 none, 1 sub, 2 up).
 * @param row - the row's bytes.
 * @param previous - the row above, or null for the first row.
 * @param stride - bytes per pixel (1 for indexed).
 * @param out - destination, `row.byteLength` bytes.
 */
function filterRow(type: number, row: Uint8Array, previous: Uint8Array | null, stride: number, out: Uint8Array): void {
  for (let i = 0; i < row.byteLength; i += 1) {
    const raw = row[i]!
    const left = i >= stride ? row[i - stride]! : 0
    const up = previous === null ? 0 : previous[i]!
    const value = type === 0 ? raw : type === 1 ? raw - left : raw - up
    out[i] = value & 0xff
  }
}

/**
 * Sum of absolute differences after treating bytes as signed, the standard
 * filter-choice heuristic: the filter that leaves the flattest rows compresses
 * best.
 *
 * @param bytes - filtered row.
 * @returns the score.
 */
function score(bytes: Uint8Array): number {
  let total = 0
  for (const byte of bytes) total += byte < 128 ? byte : 256 - byte
  return total
}

/**
 * Encode an indexed image as a PNG.
 *
 * Each row picks its own filter (none / sub / up) by the usual minimum-sum-of-
 * absolute-differences rule. For tile art — large flat regions with sharp edges
 * — that is worth a solid fraction of the file size over "no filter everywhere",
 * and it costs one pass over the data.
 *
 * @param image - the image.
 * @returns the PNG bytes.
 */
export function encodeIndexedPng(image: IndexedImage): Uint8Array {
  const { width, height, pixels, palette } = image
  if (pixels.byteLength !== width * height) {
    throw new Error(`pixel buffer is ${String(pixels.byteLength)} bytes for ${String(width)}x${String(height)}`)
  }
  if (palette.byteLength % 3 !== 0 || palette.byteLength === 0 || palette.byteLength > 768) {
    throw new Error(`palette must be 3..768 bytes of RGB triples, got ${String(palette.byteLength)}`)
  }

  const ihdr = new Uint8Array(13)
  const ihdrView = new DataView(ihdr.buffer)
  ihdrView.setUint32(0, width)
  ihdrView.setUint32(4, height)
  ihdr[8] = 8 // bit depth
  ihdr[9] = 3 // colour type: indexed
  ihdr[10] = 0 // deflate
  ihdr[11] = 0 // adaptive filtering
  ihdr[12] = 0 // no interlace

  const plte = Uint8Array.from(palette)
  const trns = new Uint8Array((image.transparentIndex ?? 0) + 1)
  trns.fill(255)
  if (image.transparentIndex !== undefined) trns[image.transparentIndex] = 0

  const stride = 1
  const raw = new Uint8Array((width * stride + 1) * height)
  const candidate = new Uint8Array(width)
  let at = 0
  for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 1) {
    const row = pixels.subarray(y * width, (y + 1) * width)
    const previous = y === 0 ? null : pixels.subarray((y - 1) * width, y * width)
    let bestType = 0
    let bestScore = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
    for (const type of [0, 1, 2]) {
      filterRow(type, row, previous, stride, candidate)
      const value = score(candidate)
      if (value < bestScore) { bestScore = value; bestType = type }
    }
    filterRow(bestType, row, previous, stride, candidate)
    raw[at] = bestType
    raw.set(candidate, at + 1)
    at += width + 1
  }

  const idat = new Uint8Array(deflateSync(raw, { level: 9 }))
  const parts = [SIGNATURE, chunk('IHDR', ihdr), chunk('PLTE', plte)]
  if (image.transparentIndex !== undefined) parts.push(chunk('tRNS', trns))
  parts.push(chunk('IDAT', idat), chunk('IEND', new Uint8Array(0)))
  const size = parts.reduce((sum, part) => sum + part.byteLength, 0)
  const out = new Uint8Array(size)
  let offset = 0
  for (const part of parts) { out.set(part, offset); offset += part.byteLength }
  return out
}