diablo2-web/scripts/png.ts

300 lines
9.9 KiB
TypeScript

/**
* Indexed-colour PNG writer for the offline asset packs.
*
* Diablo II's art is palette-indexed, so PNG's indexed colour type is the right
* target rather than RGBA: the browser decodes it natively, the file is roughly
* a quarter of the size, and the palette travels in the same file. Index 0 is
* made transparent through `tRNS`, which is how the decoders already mark
* "no pixel".
*
* Only what the packer needs is implemented — no interlacing, no 16-bit, no
* colour types other than 3 — because a half-implemented encoder that silently
* produces a file another tool misreads is worse than a small one.
*
* Node's `zlib` does the deflate; everything else is written here.
*/
import { deflateSync } from 'node:zlib'
/** PNG's 8-byte signature. */
const SIGNATURE = new Uint8Array([0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a])
/** CRC-32 table, built once. */
const CRC_TABLE: Uint32Array = (() => {
const table = new Uint32Array(256)
for (let n = 0; n < 256; n += 1) {
let c = n
for (let k = 0; k < 8; k += 1) c = (c & 1) !== 0 ? (0xedb88320 ^ (c >>> 1)) >>> 0 : c >>> 1
table[n] = c >>> 0
}
return table
})()
/**
* CRC-32 of a byte range, as PNG chunks require.
*
* @param bytes - the bytes.
* @returns the checksum.
*/
function crc32(bytes: Uint8Array): number {
let c = 0xffffffff
for (const byte of bytes) c = (CRC_TABLE[(c ^ byte) & 0xff]! ^ (c >>> 8)) >>> 0
return (c ^ 0xffffffff) >>> 0
}
/**
* One PNG chunk: length, type, payload, CRC.
*
* @param type - four-character chunk type.
* @param payload - chunk body.
* @returns the serialised chunk.
*/
function chunk(type: string, payload: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
const out = new Uint8Array(12 + payload.byteLength)
const view = new DataView(out.buffer)
view.setUint32(0, payload.byteLength)
for (let i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) out[4 + i] = type.charCodeAt(i)
out.set(payload, 8)
view.setUint32(8 + payload.byteLength, crc32(out.subarray(4, 8 + payload.byteLength)))
return out
}
/** An indexed image ready to encode. */
export interface IndexedImage {
/** Width in pixels. */
readonly width: number
/** Height in pixels. */
readonly height: number
/** Palette indices, row-major, `width * height` bytes. */
readonly pixels: Uint8Array
/** Palette as 768 RGB bytes. */
readonly palette: Uint8Array
/** Index treated as fully transparent, if any (usually 0). */
readonly transparentIndex?: number | undefined
/** Compression level for deflate (default 6). */
readonly compressionLevel?: number | undefined
}
/**
* Fast-path check: returns true if all bytes in the row are 0.
* Uses 32-bit word scanning when aligned to 4 bytes, falling back to byte scanning.
*/
function isAllZero(row: Uint8Array): boolean {
const len = row.byteLength
if ((row.byteOffset & 3) === 0) {
const len32 = len >>> 2
const view32 = new Uint32Array(row.buffer, row.byteOffset, len32)
for (let i = 0; i < len32; i += 1) {
if (view32[i] !== 0) return false
}
for (let i = len32 << 2; i < len; i += 1) {
if (row[i] !== 0) return false
}
return true
}
for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
if (row[i] !== 0) return false
}
return true
}
/**
* Fast-path check: returns true if row is identical to previous row.
* Uses 32-bit word scanning when both rows are 4-byte aligned, falling back to byte scanning.
*/
function isSameRow(row: Uint8Array, prev: Uint8Array): boolean {
const len = row.byteLength
if ((row.byteOffset & 3) === 0 && (prev.byteOffset & 3) === 0) {
const len32 = len >>> 2
const v1 = new Uint32Array(row.buffer, row.byteOffset, len32)
const v2 = new Uint32Array(prev.buffer, prev.byteOffset, len32)
for (let i = 0; i < len32; i += 1) {
if (v1[i] !== v2[i]) return false
}
for (let i = len32 << 2; i < len; i += 1) {
if (row[i] !== prev[i]) return false
}
return true
}
for (let i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
if (row[i] !== prev[i]) return false
}
return true
}
/**
* Filters image scanlines using adaptive filtering with short-circuit fast paths
* for completely transparent rows and rows identical to the previous row.
*
* @param pixels - pixel buffer.
* @param width - image width in pixels.
* @param height - image height in pixels.
* @param stride - bytes per pixel (1 for indexed, 4 for RGBA).
* @returns filtered scanlines ready for deflate.
*/
function filterScanlines(pixels: Uint8Array, width: number, height: number, stride: number): Uint8Array {
const rowBytes = width * stride
const raw = new Uint8Array((rowBytes + 1) * height)
const cand0 = new Uint8Array(rowBytes)
const cand1 = new Uint8Array(rowBytes)
let at = 0
for (let y = 0; y < height; y += 1) {
const row = pixels.subarray(y * rowBytes, (y + 1) * rowBytes)
const previous = y === 0 ? null : pixels.subarray((y - 1) * rowBytes, y * rowBytes)
// Fast-path 1: All zero row (empty / transparent) -> Filter 0 (None)
// The output buffer `raw` is already zero-initialized by Uint8Array allocation.
if (isAllZero(row)) {
raw[at] = 0
at += rowBytes + 1
continue
}
// Fast-path 2: Identical to previous row -> Filter 2 (Up) produces all zeros
if (previous !== null && isSameRow(row, previous)) {
raw[at] = 2
at += rowBytes + 1
continue
}
// Filter 0 (None) score: sum of absolute differences directly from row
let score0 = 0
for (let i = 0; i < rowBytes; i += 1) {
const v = row[i]!
score0 += v < 128 ? v : 256 - v
}
// Filter 1 (Sub): compute difference and score in one pass
let score1 = 0
for (let i = 0; i < stride; i += 1) {
const v = row[i]!
cand0[i] = v
score1 += v < 128 ? v : 256 - v
}
for (let i = stride; i < rowBytes; i += 1) {
const diff = (row[i]! - row[i - stride]!) & 0xff
cand0[i] = diff
score1 += diff < 128 ? diff : 256 - diff
}
// Filter 2 (Up): compute difference and score in one pass
let score2 = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY
if (previous !== null) {
score2 = 0
for (let i = 0; i < rowBytes; i += 1) {
const diff = (row[i]! - previous[i]!) & 0xff
cand1[i] = diff
score2 += diff < 128 ? diff : 256 - diff
}
}
// Select the best filter and write into raw
if (score0 <= score1 && score0 <= score2) {
raw[at] = 0
raw.set(row, at + 1)
} else if (score1 <= score2) {
raw[at] = 1
raw.set(cand0, at + 1)
} else {
raw[at] = 2
raw.set(cand1, at + 1)
}
at += rowBytes + 1
}
return raw
}
/**
* Encode an indexed image as a PNG.
*
* Each row picks its own filter (none / sub / up) by the usual minimum-sum-of-
* absolute-differences rule. For tile art — large flat regions with sharp edges
* — that is worth a solid fraction of the file size over "no filter everywhere",
* and it costs one pass over the data.
*
* @param image - the image.
* @returns the PNG bytes.
*/
export function encodeIndexedPng(image: IndexedImage): Uint8Array {
const { width, height, pixels, palette } = image
if (pixels.byteLength !== width * height) {
throw new Error(`pixel buffer is ${String(pixels.byteLength)} bytes for ${String(width)}x${String(height)}`)
}
if (palette.byteLength % 3 !== 0 || palette.byteLength === 0 || palette.byteLength > 768) {
throw new Error(`palette must be 3..768 bytes of RGB triples, got ${String(palette.byteLength)}`)
}
const ihdr = new Uint8Array(13)
const ihdrView = new DataView(ihdr.buffer)
ihdrView.setUint32(0, width)
ihdrView.setUint32(4, height)
ihdr[8] = 8 // bit depth
ihdr[9] = 3 // colour type: indexed
ihdr[10] = 0 // deflate
ihdr[11] = 0 // adaptive filtering
ihdr[12] = 0 // no interlace
const plte = Uint8Array.from(palette)
const trns = new Uint8Array((image.transparentIndex ?? 0) + 1)
trns.fill(255)
if (image.transparentIndex !== undefined) trns[image.transparentIndex] = 0
const raw = filterScanlines(pixels, width, height, 1)
const idat = new Uint8Array(deflateSync(raw, { level: image.compressionLevel ?? 6 }))
const parts = [SIGNATURE, chunk('IHDR', ihdr), chunk('PLTE', plte)]
if (image.transparentIndex !== undefined) parts.push(chunk('tRNS', trns))
parts.push(chunk('IDAT', idat), chunk('IEND', new Uint8Array(0)))
const size = parts.reduce((sum, part) => sum + part.byteLength, 0)
const out = new Uint8Array(size)
let offset = 0
for (const part of parts) { out.set(part, offset); offset += part.byteLength }
return out
}
/** An RGBA image ready to encode. */
export interface RgbaImage {
/** Width in pixels. */
readonly width: number
/** Height in pixels. */
readonly height: number
/** RGBA pixels, row-major, 4 bytes per pixel (`width * height * 4` bytes). */
readonly pixels: Uint8Array
/** Compression level for deflate (default 6). */
readonly compressionLevel?: number | undefined
}
/**
* Encode a 32-bit RGBA image as a PNG (color type 6).
*
* @param image - the RGBA image.
* @returns the PNG bytes.
*/
export function encodeRgbaPng(image: RgbaImage): Uint8Array {
const { width, height, pixels } = image
if (pixels.byteLength !== width * height * 4) {
throw new Error(`pixel buffer is ${String(pixels.byteLength)} bytes for ${String(width)}x${String(height)} RGBA`)
}
const ihdr = new Uint8Array(13)
const ihdrView = new DataView(ihdr.buffer)
ihdrView.setUint32(0, width)
ihdrView.setUint32(4, height)
ihdr[8] = 8 // bit depth
ihdr[9] = 6 // colour type: RGBA
ihdr[10] = 0 // deflate
ihdr[11] = 0 // adaptive filtering
ihdr[12] = 0 // no interlace
const raw = filterScanlines(pixels, width, height, 4)
const idat = new Uint8Array(deflateSync(raw, { level: image.compressionLevel ?? 6 }))
const parts = [SIGNATURE, chunk('IHDR', ihdr), chunk('IDAT', idat), chunk('IEND', new Uint8Array(0))]
const size = parts.reduce((sum, part) => sum + part.byteLength, 0)
const out = new Uint8Array(size)
let offset = 0
for (const part of parts) { out.set(part, offset); offset += part.byteLength }
return out
}