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MediaWiki Wikitext Syntax Reference

Complete syntax reference for MediaWiki wikitext markup.

Text Formatting (Inline)

Syntax	Result	Notes
`''text''`	italic	Two single quotes
`'''text'''`	bold	Three single quotes
`'''''text'''''`	bold italic	Five single quotes
`<code>text</code>`	`monospace`	Inline code
`<var>x</var>`	Variable style
`<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>`	Keyboard input
`<samp>output</samp>`	Sample output
`<sub>2</sub>`	Subscript	H₂O
`<sup>2</sup>`	Superscript	x²
`<s>text</s>`	~~strikethrough~~
`<del>text</del>`	Deleted text	Semantic
`<ins>text</ins>`	Inserted text	Often underlined
`<u>text</u>`	Underline
`<small>text</small>`	Small text
`<big>text</big>`	Large text	Deprecated

Headings

= Level 1 =      (Don't use - reserved for page title)
== Level 2 ==
=== Level 3 ===
==== Level 4 ====
===== Level 5 =====
====== Level 6 ======

Rules:

Must start at line beginning
No text after closing equals on same line
4+ headings auto-generate TOC (unless __NOTOC__)
Spaces around heading text are optional but recommended

Lists

Unordered (Bullet) Lists

* Item 1
* Item 2
** Nested item 2.1
** Nested item 2.2
*** Deeper nesting
* Item 3

Ordered (Numbered) Lists

# First item
# Second item
## Sub-item 2.1
## Sub-item 2.2
### Sub-sub-item
# Third item

Definition Lists

; Term 1
: Definition 1
; Term 2
: Definition 2a
: Definition 2b

Mixed Lists

# Numbered item
#* Bullet under numbered
#* Another bullet
# Next numbered
#: Definition-style continuation

Indentation

: Single indent
:: Double indent
::: Triple indent

Note: List markers must be at line start. Blank lines end the list.

Links

Internal Links

[[Page Name]]
[[Page Name|Display Text]]
[[Page Name#Section]]
[[Page Name#Section|Display Text]]
[[Namespace:Page Name]]
[[/Subpage]]
[[../Sibling Page]]

External Links

[https://example.com]                  Numbered link [1]
[https://example.com Display Text]     Named link
https://example.com                    Auto-linked

Special Links

[[File:Image.jpg]]                     Embed image
[[File:Image.jpg|thumb|Caption]]       Thumbnail with caption
[[File:Image.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Caption]]
[[Media:File.pdf]]                     Direct file link
[[Category:Category Name]]             Add to category
[[:Category:Category Name]]            Link to category (no add)
[[Special:RecentChanges]]              Special page

Interwiki Links

[[en:English Article]]                 Language link
[[wikt:word]]                          Wiktionary
[[commons:File:Image.jpg]]             Wikimedia Commons

Images

Basic Syntax

[[File:Example.jpg|options|caption]]

Image Options

Option	Description
`thumb`	Thumbnail (default right-aligned)
`frame`	Framed, no resize
`frameless`	Thumbnail without frame
`border`	Thin border
`right`, `left`, `center`, `none`	Alignment
`200px`	Width
`x100px`	Height
`200x100px`	Max dimensions
`upright`	Smart scaling for tall images
`upright=0.5`	Custom ratio
`link=Page`	Custom link target
`link=`	No link
`alt=Text`	Alt text for accessibility

Gallery

<gallery>
File:Image1.jpg|Caption 1
File:Image2.jpg|Caption 2
</gallery>

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150">
File:Image1.jpg
File:Image2.jpg
</gallery>

Tables

Basic Structure

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption
|-
! Header 1 !! Header 2 !! Header 3
|-
| Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
| Cell 4 || Cell 5 || Cell 6
|}

Table Elements

Markup	Location	Meaning
`{	`	Start
`	}`	End
`	+`	After `{
`	-`	Row
`!`	Cell	Header cell
`!!`	Cell	Header cell separator (same row)
`	`	Cell
`		`

Cell Attributes

| style="background:#fcc" | Red background
| colspan="2" | Spans 2 columns
| rowspan="3" | Spans 3 rows
! scope="col" | Column header
! scope="row" | Row header

Sortable Table

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Value
|-
| Alpha || 1
| Beta || 2
|}

References

Basic Citation

Statement<ref>Source information</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Named References

First use<ref name="smith2020">Smith, 2020, p. 42</ref>
Second use<ref name="smith2020" />

Grouped References

Note<ref group="note">Explanatory note</ref>
Source<ref>Regular citation</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Special Tags

nowiki (Escape Markup)

<nowiki>[[Not a link]]</nowiki>
<<nowiki/>nowiki>   Outputs: <nowiki>

pre (Preformatted)

<pre>
Preformatted text
  Whitespace preserved
  '''Markup not processed'''
</pre>

syntaxhighlight (Code)

<syntaxhighlight lang="python">
def hello():
    print("Hello")
</syntaxhighlight>

<syntaxhighlight lang="python" line="1" start="10">
# Line numbers starting at 10
</syntaxhighlight>

Supported languages: python, javascript, php, java, c, cpp, csharp, ruby, perl, sql, xml, html, css, json, yaml, bash, etc.

math (LaTeX)

Inline: <math>E = mc^2</math>
Block: <math display="block">\sum_{i=1}^n i = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}</math>
Chemistry: <chem>H2O</chem>

Transclusion Control

<includeonly>Only when transcluded</includeonly>
<noinclude>Only on template page itself</noinclude>
<onlyinclude>Only this part is transcluded</onlyinclude>

HTML Entities

Entity	Character	Description
`&`	&	Ampersand
`<`	<	Less than
`>`	>	Greater than
` `	(space)	Non-breaking space
`—`	—	Em dash
`–`	–	En dash
`→`	→	Right arrow
`←`	←	Left arrow
`©`	©	Copyright
`€`	€	Euro
`:`	:	Colon (in definition lists)

Miscellaneous

Horizontal Rule

----

Comments

<!-- This is a comment -->
<!-- 
Multi-line
comment
-->

Line Breaks

Line 1<br />Line 2

Redirect

#REDIRECT [[Target Page]]
#REDIRECT [[Target Page#Section]]

Must be first line of page.

Signatures (Talk pages)

~~~     Username only
~~~~    Username and timestamp
~~~~~   Timestamp only

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